The Magic of the Milky Way

We live in an SBc galaxy, a Barred Spiral galaxy, according to the Hubble Sequence classification method. What does that mean? Well actually, it means we live in a very nice example of a galaxy in the Local Group of the Virgo Cluster in the Lanaikea Supercluster in the Universe. How's that for a mouthful? 

OK: we can make this simpler. The Milky Way is a lovely band of light that we can see in the night sky. And when we look up in the summertime, it's full of treasures to discover. We can see the spiral arms, the dark dust lanes, and the vast array of star clusters, nebulae, and more. 

In the August 2025 episode of the Translunar Podcast, I provide a tour of our own galaxy and a way to think about the band of light we see in the sky when we view the summer sky from a dark location. And I share some insights into how we categorize and classify galaxies. Savor the moment and happy listening (and viewing). 

Translunar Podcast, courtesy of the Volkssternwarte München, available anywhere you get your podcasts. 

Image courtesy of NASA. 

The Midnight Sun

Above the Arctic Circle, days during the summer are very unusual. At some point in May or early June the sun does not set, but instead stays above the horizon continuously, and remains above the horizon for several weeks. At midnight during this season, you can see the sun shining brightly above the horizon. 

I had the good fortune to experience the Midnight Sun in June of 2025 and found the entire visual to be very special, in particular when I thought about the actual physics and astronomy behind the motion of the sun in summer in these very high latitude locations. 

In the July 2025 episode of the Translunar Podcast, I provide a description of this unique experience and share some insights into the physics and astronomy behind this special phenomenon. 

Translunar Podcast, courtesy of the Volkssternwarte München, available anywhere you get your podcasts. 

Image courtesy of the author. 

The Most Distant Planetary Probes to leave Earth

Humans have pushed the frontiers of exploration in space by sending probes to the edge of our Solar System and beyond. Just how far have we traveled, and what have we seen along the way? How do we keep in touch with the most distant objects, and what is left to learn from these probes? 

In the June 2025 episode of the Translunar Podcast, I discuss the very old Pioneer and Voyager missions past Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, as well as the New Horizons mission past Pluto and into the Kuiper Belt.

Translunar Podcast, courtesy of the Volkssternwarte München, available anywhere you get your podcasts. 

Image courtesy of NASA. 

All the Colors of the Stars

Jewel Box Cluster

When you go out at night and look up into the night sky, you might not immediately think to yourself "how colorful the sky is tonight ..." but indeed there are many dazzling colors in the fabric of the night sky, and you sometimes have to work a bit harder to see it. In this podcast for the Translunar Series, I talk about what you can see with the naked eye and through binoculars. And yes, there is much color in the sky if you take the time to look for it. 

The Translunar podcast series can be heard on most podcast players including iPhone and Spotify. If you speak German, Astrophysicist Jana Steuer also contributes riveting episodes on many deep cosmological and astronomical topics. 

Image courtesy ESO. 

Watching Planets Move: focus on Mars and Jupiter

Jupiter, Mars and Moon on 6 March

I love watching planets move. So did the ancient Greeks and they named these wandering objects 'planetes' and to this day, the name stuck. The planets normally move in a graceful arc across our night sky, slipping from one Zodiac constellation to the next, bringing a change in composition to the tapestry of the night sky, modifying the normal patterns of the constellations. And showing us just how extraordinary our Solar System really is, a collection of planets orbiting a star alongside us on Earth, and creating a window into the universe of how systems emerge around our galaxy and the universe. 

Right now, Mars and Jupiter are extremely well placed in the night sky. They both are occupying the 'Winter Hexagon' which is a rich span of winter sky that includes many of the brightest stars in the night sky. At the moment, Mars and Jupiter are nicely bookending the circle of stars in the hexagon, Mars on the east side of the circle and Jupiter on the west side. Both planets are moving gradually eastward and the pattern we see now will change over the coming weeks. In particular, Mars will form very interesting patterns with the twin starts of Gemini, something you can watch and enjoy from night to night. 

My latest podcast for the Volkssternwarte München in the Translunar series features this alignment and part of the night sky. Give it a listen on a night when you have clear skies and you will make discoveries on your own. 

Image courtesy of SkySafari. 

The Real Planetary Parade

I love to see planets in our night sky. They are wonderful. They are wanderers. In motion, always gently sweeping across the sky, often the brightest objects in the sky and certainly some of the most colorful and interesting, both to the naked eye and in a telescope. I've recorded a podcast for the Translunar series to share some ideas of what you can see right now and for the next few months, with a Mars challenge built in.

And for those of you looking for a big “Planetary Parade” on January 25th, well, I am sorry to say, January 25th will look a lot like January 24th, and 26th, and the 27th, and so on. It’s just hype and to be honest, I think it is just something someone created to drive clicks to their website. But don’t be disappointed: the reality behind the hype is that there really are lovely planets spread across the night sky and there are wonderful things to see and enjoy for the coming weeks and months. Have a listen to my podcast and you will get a clear and thoughtful explanation of the planets, what to see, and what to look for night after night. 

Planetary Exploration

Viking Lander on Mars 1976

We humans have come a long way, evolving into a technologically advanced species. Over the past 60 years we have mastered the ability to send robotic spacecraft throughout the Solar System, getting a close up look at all of the worlds, even landing on some of them. As a young person in Los Angeles in the 1970s, I would regularly ride my bicycle to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and pick up the latest pictures from the Solar System, from the first landing on Mars in 1976, throughout the entire Voyager missions and fly-bys in the late 70s through the end of the 80s. I am personally moved to watch and learn as we (NASA, ESA, other space agencies) push the frontier and travel farther and wider in our own home solar system. 

I recently recorded a podcast for the Translunar series talking about Planetary Exploration. You can listen here. And for those of you in and around Munich, Germany, I will be delivering talks in English and in German at the Volkssternwarte München on the same topic in November 2024. 

NASA and the Planetary Society have amazing stories, reports and photos from these missions. If you like learning about our Solar System, you will be happy to find endless resources on their websites. 

Image courtesy of NASA. 

Spooky Astronomy

The Face on Mars (1976)

It's that time of year when pumpkins begin appearing everywhere and darkness arrives earlier in the evening. We humans generally enjoy being spooked a bit, to be scared of things we do not fully understand or cannot fully explain. And looking up into the night sky, imaginations can run wild.  In 1976 the Viking landers took this iconic picture of the Martian landscape and many people saw a face in the picture. Since then, much better resolution images have come from Mars landers and orbiters and we now know that this is an optical illusion, a unique view that was fortuitous timing and also due to the fairly rudimentary camera that were on that early Mars mission. This is but one of many things people see in the sky, including UFOs and aliens, asteroids and comets, that strike fear into those seeing these objects. 

Several years ago I prepared a Halloween lecture called Spooky Astronomy that I have presented at the Munich Public Observatory (Volkssternwarte München). In this lecture, I share many more such examples of optical illusions, of real and less-real things we see in the sky, and talk about the science behind them. I have updated the talk and will present it again this week, in costume. It's fun, it's playful, it's a bit serious too, and bottom line, it's about learning. I have created a podcast version of this for the Observatory's podcast series, Translunar. You can hear it here. 

Image courtesy of NASA.